For years Mr Ng let his nephew sign tenancy agreements for his flats and accepted the rents. After a quarrel he secretly revokes the nephew's authority, but the nephew signs another tenancy with Ms Tam, who knows nothing of this. Is Mr Ng bound?
Answer: Yes, by apparent authority (estoppel). Why not the others: - Authority revoked: Secret revocation does not affect a third party who relies on the principal's earlier holding out. - Deposit paid to Mr Ng: Not a requirement for estoppel. - EAA licensing: Irrelevant to the agency question between principal and third party. Rule: Where a principal represents, by words or conduct, that a person has authority, and a third party relies on it, the principal is estopped from denying the authority, even if actual authority has ended. Source: EAA, A Study Guide to Estate Agency Law and Practice, Part 3 (agency by estoppel); as at Oct 2026
Thinking secret revocation protects the principal.
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